Category: History Past And Present

Slavery

Mae Mallory

Mae Mallory: Civil Rights Activist -N-Self-Defense Advocate!

Mae mallory



Mae Mallory (June 9, 1927 – 2007)

Mae Mallory was a civil rights activist supporting armed self-defense and school integration.

Generally, she participated in demonstrations against the Vietnam War and the U.S. occupation of the Dominican.ย 

And believed Black people are masters of their fate – militant forms ofย Blackย Power often associated with men.

To That end, she was a persistentย advocateย for self-defense and the voices of working-class black women in the fight for civil rights.

She became a civil rights activist early in her life and is best known for her involvement in the armed self-defense of African Americans.ย 

Also, she argued that despite the ruling ofย Brown vs. Board of Education,ย the zoning policies of the NYC Board of Education essentially ensured that segregation in the city was still very much in place.

The Harlem ย Nine

More importantly, she was the founder of the “Harlem 9,” a group of nine Black mothers formed to protest the inferior conditions of schools in New York City during the 1950s.

Consequently, Harlem nine was formed in 1956; their goal was to advocate for “open transfer” for their children, which would allow them to attend schools outside of their district.

For the most part, schools that weren’t suffering from overcrowding, dilapidating building, and inexperienced teachers.

As a result, the Harlem 9 took action against racism and discrimination in New York. Although they faced much opposition, these brave people made their voices heard:ย 

  • They filed lawsuits against both city officials as well as state legislation for unfair treatment based on race or ethnic background;ย 
  • ย 
  • And boycotted businesses that refused service because it would cause too much trouble (such as restaurants).

Nonetheless, in the end, with a victory in the courts in 1960, Mae Mallory and the Harlem 9 won the right to transfer their children into white schools.

However, this was not enough for the NYC Board of Education, which admitted they had perpetuated “de facto” segregation in their boroughs, a huge step forward for education across all races.

Ms. Mallory supported numerous other civil rights initiatives, including work with Robert F. Williams and the NAACP during Freedom Rides in 1961.”

There she hostedย SNCCย student riders participating in Monroe, North Carolina.

Accusations of kidnappingย 

Despite allowing a white couple to hide out in her home to avoid danger from armed protestors, who had gathered in response to the Freedom Riders;ย 

Mallory was accused of kidnapping the white couple.

Afterward…ย 

Due in part to the fear of retaliation from the KKK, Mallory fled from North Carolina to Cleveland, Ohio, where she was captured after six weeks in hiding.

Conversely, while in prison, she worked to publicize her case and shed light on Black women’s experiences in America.

She advocated for separatism, socialism, and self-defense through speeches, letters, and press releases.

In 1964, she was deported back to North Carolina to stand trial for the kidnapping charge.

Although an all-white jury sentenced her to 16-20 years in prison, she was later acquitted in 1965 due to racialย discriminationย during the jury selection.

Conclusion

Mae Mallory was an incredible woman who fought for change until her last breath.ย 

She is a prime example of what can be accomplished when we unite and fight for what’s right.

ย Mae Mallory continued herย activismย until she died in 2007.ย 

We should all strive to be more like Mae Mallory and continue her legacy of activism and self-defense.ย 

What do you think? Comment below, subscribe to, and share this post with your friends.

ย Let’s keep Mae Mallory’s memory alive!

Thanks for reading!

 

Social Networks and Archival Context – Mae Mallory

https://jusmeetwo.com/baby-tinslee-and-life-support/

Embrace aging

Embrace Aging: Why You Should Embrace It!

Embracing aging
Senior couple watching old photographs at home

Embrace aging…we all want to live as long and healthy as possible, but why? ย The reality is thatย agingย doesn’t come with any guarantees.ย 

In any case, it’s not something bad or wrong; it just happens – which can make this process feel like one big lottery game…where you’re trying your best and still have no control over what will happen next!

In order words: don’t let society dictate how old YOU think yourself should be because there are plenty more important things than keeping up appearances (like spending time doing activities.

You shouldย embrace aging; the following are four reasons why you should embrace it:

Losing independence is not always a bad thing.

According toย Social Security, one in three Americans areย expected to survive into old age.ย 

ย Whether you’re living on your own or with a senior partner/ roommate – it’s important that we take care not just for ourselves but also for those who will soon follow suit as they grow independent!ย 

It seems many seniors wish this time were different; free from all obligations- both personal and professional…ย 

But the truth is no matter what stage of life has brought us; there should always be an element of connectedness present, which means allowing oneself to rely upon others occasionally.

You’ve already mastered some of your greatest skills.

As we grow older, it seems like ourย childhood selvesย are starting to take over.ย 

We might be more awkward in social situations and less productive than before – but these traits make us better versions of ourselves!ย 

When you’re young, there’s no room for failure because everything can go wrong all at once; when life hits middle age, though (or even early 20s), those mishaps start happening fewer times until they finally disappear entirely.

Over time, it becomes easier to forget how much you’ve already mastered.ย 

But thisย life-changingย knowledge should make us feel more confident in our abilities because we know that whatever challenge or skill deficiency there may have been won’t last forever!

In addition, the skills you’ve mastered in the past can also help you get through life’s challenges.

It can be a time to reconnect with what matters most.

We all grow old, but we’ve got the power to stay young at heart by reconnecting with our past.ย 

And one of the best ways is to get nostalgic and look back on what brought you joy when you were younger–

Those activities made your child smile or gave him a sense of accomplishment from doing them well.ย 

You’ll gain wisdom you wouldn’t have gained otherwise.

I could wax philosophical aboutย life and its lessons,ย but I won’t.ย 

Instead, let’s get down to brass tacks: what have youย learnedย from your time on Earth?

What are some things that makeup who we are as beings living through an experience-filled lifetime like ours!ย 

It may be cliche at this point in our lives–and maybe even impossible given how much has happened alreadyโ€”but think back over every momentary memory or insight gained since birth until now; consider everything before answering the question…ย 

The process is often called “soul searching,” โ€“ and it can help you gainย wisdomย that can help you in the future.

Bottom line

Grow up!ย Aging is not a disease; you’re never too old to have fun. Ourย minds changeย as we age- some people experience improved cognitive function while others lose their memories or become more forgetful;ย 

There’s no one way to feel good about yourself through this life because each person hasย different prioritiesย when facing difficulties on the road towards old age.

Thanks For Reading๐Ÿ‘

 

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Authentically speaking

The Pastโ€ฆ10 Lessons to be Learned from History!

the past

The past is a world of its own. The centuries are filled with secrets, scandals, and stories that have been lost in the annals of time. Fortunately for us, some people are dedicated to unearthing these buried treasures.

History buffs and archaeologists dedicate their lives to unraveling the mysteries of yesteryear. These individuals understand that knowledge of the past is key to understanding our present and planning for our future.

There are many things we can learn from history. Here are ten life-changing lessons to be learned from history:

Don’t live by assumptions!

Assumptions are dangerous. If you rely on your assumptions, you will miss out on discovering the truth. This can lead to horrible consequences.

The truth on the surface often looks fine, but the more you dig into it, the more you realize how messed up it is, which is often ugly.

Still, it’s better than living a lie. It’s easy to fall into assumptions sometimes, but we must be vigilant about not letting them control our lives. Assume nothing; discover the truth for yourself.

However, we often can’t help making assumptions all the time, but sometimes they are incorrect. As a result, we miss important opportunities.

What’s more… don’t just trust your assumptions — challenge them, become curious, and keep an open mind.

Question the wealthy and powerful!

The past is filled with examples of the wealthy and powerful being exposed as frauds and liars. The ancient world was no different. Thereโ€™s a good chance that the wealthy and powerful individuals you know are lying to you.

They manipulate the media and use their wealth and power to deceive the public. The best way to prevent deception is to question everything you see and hear.

Be wary of consensus!

Throughout history, people have believed all kinds of wrong things. It is better to remain skeptical than to follow a consensus blindly.

It may seem that everyone around you has the same beliefs and opinions as you, but that doesnโ€™t mean their beliefs are true.

The best way to find out the truth is to do your research. There are so many different sources of information today that it is easy to find information that agrees with your views. The key to finding the truth is to look at all sides of an issue.

The Passโ€ฆNo society is perfect!

That society in which you live might seem perfect to you. However, there is a good chance that its imperfections are just being ignored.

For example, ancient Chinese society has often been praised for its tradition ofย Xiao, or filial piety, is an attitude of respect for parents and ancestors in societies.

But, An apparent waning ย is reflected in China , where officials in some localities have begun requiring contracts of support between elderly parents and their adult children.

Newlyweds in Chinaโ€™s Qindu district, for example, are now required to sign contracts to support their parents after age 60.

Anyway, the best way to identify these flaws and make improvements is to have an open mind and be willing to challenge your preconceived notions.

There is no such thing as progress!

A common misconception about history is that it is a steady march towards progress. There are often periods of regression.

It would be more accurate to describe history as a series of ebbs and flows. There are times when things improve and times when they get worse. There is no such thing as a steady progression towards a better future.

If you rely on progress to save you, you may be in for a rude awakening. It is better to focus on creating positive changes in the here and now.

Learn from cultures with more advanced technology!

the past
Contactless payment with smartwatch technology

It is easy to think that modern societies are superior to past ones. In reality, we have much to learn from the cultures with more advanced technology than we do.

For example, the people of Southeast Asia (particularly Thailand) have been using a form of psychological therapy called โ€œmindfulnessโ€ for centuries.

This type of therapy is only just being recognized in the West. If we want to make real progress, we must be open to learning from cultures with more advanced technology and knowledge than our own.

Confidence comes before the fall!

History is filled with examples of societies becoming overconfident and overreaching themselves. For example, the Roman Empire conquered many neighboring lands. As a result, the people of Rome began to think that they were invincible.

They believed that their power would never end. In 410 AD, the Roman Empire was invaded and sacked by barbarians. This marked the beginning of the end of Roman power. The fall of Rome has many lessons for us today.

We should be wary of becoming overconfident and arrogant. We should also be open to new ideas and be willing to change. If we are to set in our ways, it could spell our downfall.

the past
Peace

Stay alert during times of peace!

History has shown that the best time to prepare for war is during times of peace. During times of war, it is impossible to make large-scale changes and improvements. For example, the Mongols were a nomadic people in Central Asia.

They were very effective at raiding and pillaging towns and villages. In 1215 AD, the Mongols signed a treaty with the Chinese, promising to become their allies.

The Mongols became a powerful force for good in China. They built strong defenses and infrastructure that protected China from invaders for many years.

The point here is that even though times may seem peaceful, you must always be ready for war.

Take care of the environment!

The environment has been around since the beginning of time. It has remained largely the same until recently. Humans have been around for 200,000 years.

We have dramatically altered our environment in a very short amount of time. This is dangerous. If we donโ€™t learn from past mistakes, we could destroy ourselves just as many other species have been destroyed.

For example, the bubonic plague was a deadly pandemic that hit Europe in the 14th century. The plague was likely spread by fleas that lived off of rats.

During this time, people did not understand how diseases spread. They thought that the plague was a punishment from God.

This led to people being very unscientific and unhygienic. If we donโ€™t learn from the past, we could make the same mistakes.

Summing up!

Learning from history is a continuous process. We must never assume that we have learned everything there is to know. As more discoveries are made, our knowledge of the past will continue to grow and evolve.

The past is a world of its own. The centuries have gone by and are filled with secrets, scandals, and stories that have been lost in the annals of time.

Fortunately for us, some people are dedicated to unearthing these buried treasures. History buffs and archaeologists dedicate their lives to unraveling the mysteries of yesteryear.

These individuals understand that knowledge of the past is key to understanding our present and planning for our future. There are many things we can learn from history.

Thanks for Reading!

Force sterilization

Forced Sterilization: A Perilous Undertaking2!

Forced steriziationForced sterilization in America was long and tragically heinousโ€ฆduring the 20th century.ย Moreover, well-known figures likeย Theodore Rooseveltย supported the legislation and advocated eugenic interventions preventing individuals with inherited traits from reproducing.

ย For instance, President Roosevelt felt criminals and individuals with certain cognitive disabilities (the so-called ‘feeble-minded‘) should be sexually sterilized.

Coincidently, Roosevelt feared that if eugenic actions were not taken, the United States would be committingย ‘race suicide,’ย meaning that the superior race would decline.

What a thing for a President to think aboutโ€”let alone advocate forโ€”the victimization of citizens!ย 

Forced sterillization(Think about it!)

Interestingly, Oliver Wendell Holmesโ€”a man personally appointed to the Supreme Court by Rooseveltโ€”was responsible for upholding compulsory sexual sterilization laws in the United States.ย ย 

Simply put, vulnerable people were deemed unfit to have children…if they were members of the inferior races, the degeneration of this country…

ย This article explores America’s dark history of forced sterilization and why it happened.ย These reprehensible practices stained our nation’s conscience and should never be forgotten or overlooked.ย 

Let’s dive deeper into the tumultuous tragedy inflicted upon thousands of people across the country during The eugenics movement in the U.S. started in the early 1900s.

All forms of eugenics had one thing in common โ€” that people were not allowed to make their own reproductive choices. Theย government decidesย who can and can’t reproduce.ย 

Who Was Sterilized? Forced sterilization

The vast majority were women, the poor, the disabled, the mentally ill, and people of color disproportionately were affected by forced sterilization.ย 

Shamefully enough, it’s a way to “expurgate” the genetic pool. An evil sinister attempted to eradicate people withย mental illness, disabilities, and people from certain ethnic groups by creating eugenics and the human genome projects.

Interestingly, the projects were viewed as scientific and progressive; but we now know it was nothing more than bigotry,ย racism, and prejudice of sinister-insidious bastards.

Like Hitler, they wanted science to “fix” it so that certain population growths were stopped by applying selective breeding principles.ย 

Such as eugenics, population control, and the prevention of welfare dependency.ย 

Those who were affected by sterilization included:

ย โ€ข African-Americans – Most states had laws that allowed for the sterilization of African Americans. It was sometimes used as coercion to control the poor black populations.ย 

โ€ข Native Americans – Many reservations had high rates of poverty and disease, so sterilization was used to control these populations.ย 

โ€ข Mentally Ill – Mental illness was often misunderstood by the medical community, causing many people to be misdiagnosed and sterilized.ย 

โ€ข Disabled – Disabled people were sometimes sterilized so that they wouldn’t be able to have children.ย 

Because of the law, this happened to an unnamed black woman…

In August 1964, the North Carolinaย Eugenics Boardย met to decide if a 20-year-old Black woman should be sterilized.ย 

She was a single mother with one child who lived at the segregated O’Berry Center for African American adults with intellectual disabilities in Goldsboro.ย 

According to the North Carolina Eugenics Board, she had an IQ of 62 and exhibited “aggressive behavior and sexual promiscuity.”ย 

Additionally, she had been orphaned as a child and had a limited education. Likely because of her “low IQ score,” the board determined she was not capable of rehabilitation.

Instead, the board recommended the “protection of sterilization” for the woman because she was “feebleminded” and deemed unable to “assume responsibility for herself” or her child. Without her input, Bertha’s guardian signed theย sterilizationย form.

For exampleโ€ฆ

United States Supreme Courtย ruling upheld aย Virginia law for sterilizingย persons as “developmentally inferior.”ย 

The person at the center of the case wasย Carrie Buck, 18 years old at the time of the trial; she had an illegitimate child and was institutionalized. Afterward, she was ordered to be sterilized.

The Court based its decision on expert testimony from Arthur Estabrook, a physician with experience at the eugenics records office in Cold Harbor Spring, New York.ย 

Estabrook did not re-apply the IQ test that Carrie had been given in the state home, stating instead that he had “talked to Carrie adequately, enough to arrive at his decision that she wasย feebleminded.ย 

Therefore, the Court based its decision on the testimony fromย Arthur Estabrook, a supposed expert with experience in eugenics.

The Court heard that Carrie’s mother was under government care and feebleminded as well;ย Needless to say, they characterized Carrie’s six-month-old child as likely feebleminded.ย 

Why Did It Happen?

The eugenics movement in the U.S.ย started during the late nineteenth century and continued as late as the 1940s.ย 

The movement endorsed inhospitable eugenics, intending to eliminate undesirable genetic traits in the human race through selective breeding.

The American eugenics movement in the early 20th century was a time when laws legalizing forced sterilizations and prohibiting individuals with mental or physical defects from marrying were passed.ย 

In addition, mixed-race couples also faced discrimination as they could not legally get married.

Thepolicies of this country are cruel and unfair, targeting people based on their race.ย It’s just wrong to treat anyone less than human!

The racist policies imposed by this country targeting people is downright despicable.

ย And the stupid assholes that came up with this bullshit…should burn in hell for eternity.

What’s more, all forms of eugenics had one thing in common โ€” that people were not allowed to make their own reproductive choices.ย 

Instead, theย government decidesย who can and can’t reproduce.ย 

They believed that they could try to improve the human race by studying genetics and that their experiments would lead to a better life.ย 

Aftermathย 

Eugenics, also known as “racial hygiene” and the “science ofย racial betterment,” is a movement that emerged in the early 1900s and aimed to fix hereditary traits within a population.

ย It was promoted by many prominent scientists and thinkers, includingย Francis Galton,ย and was very popular with the governments of the day.

Galton was convinced people inherited social and mental traits like talent and intelligence.

ย The eugenic laws were passed across the country, and around 64,000 people in the United States were sterilized under this legislation, often against their will.

California to pay victims of forced, coerced sterilizations

Nationย Jul 7, 2021, 2:29 PM EDT

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) โ€” California is poised to approve reparations of up to $25,000 to some of the thousands of people โ€” as young as 13 โ€” who were sterilized decades ago because the government deemed them unfit to have children.

The payments will make California the third state โ€” following Virginia and North Carolina โ€” to compensate victims of the so-called eugenics movement that peaked in the 1930s.ย 

Supporters of the movement believed sterilizing people with mental illnesses, physical disabilities, and other undesirable traits would improve the human race.

While California sterilized more than 20,000 people before its law was repealed in 1979, only a few hundred are still alive.ย 

Conclusion

The history of forced sterilization in America should never be forgotten.

Eugenics may have been widely accepted then but doesn’t justify the worst crimes against humanity and human dignity imaginable.”

And the fact that these practices were once allowed by the government is a shameful stain on our nation’s conscience.

Thanks For Reading!


ย ย https://ihpi.umich.edu/news/forced-sterilization-policies-us-targeted-minorities-and-those-disabilities-and-lasted-21st#:~:text=Preliminary%20analysis%20shows%20that%20from,the%20rate%20of%20white%20men.

https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/11/04/americas-forgotten-history-of-forced-sterilization/

ย https://lawblogs.uc.edu/ihrlr/2021/05/28/not-just-ice-forced-sterilization-in-the-united-states/

Memorial Dayโ€ฆRemembering Our Fallen Herosโ€™ โ€ฆ

  • Memorial DayMemorial Day is a time to remember and honor those who have fallen and were wounded in battle.

It’s a time to come together as a nation, reflect on the sacrifices made by the military members, and express our gratitude for their service.ย 

That saidโ€ฆI want to take a moment to remember all American heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice for our country on the Memorial Day!

Also, those killed in action will forever be remembered as selfless warriors who put their country before themselves.ย 

There are some killed in action but were never identified, such as…

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: A Symbol of SacrificeMemorial Day

In 1920, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was established at Arlington National Cemetery. The tomb was created to honor the soldiers who had fought in World War I and lost their lives.ย 

The remains of an unidentified soldier from the war were brought to the cemetery and buried there. Since then, the tomb has been a symbol of the sacrifices made by the men and women who have served in the military.

Memorial Day A Symbol of Sacrifice!

Memorial DayThe Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, located in Arlington National Cemetery, is a monument dedicated to the service members who have died while serving in the United States Armed Forces.ย 

The tomb is guarded 24 hours a day, 365 days a year by the U.S. Army 3rd Infantry Regiment, known as “The Old Guard.”ย 

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier symbolizes the sacrifice made by every service member who has given their life for their country. It reminds us that we must never forget the men and women who have made the ultimate sacrifice for our freedom.

Before the 20th century

The numerous wars which have occurred over the centuries have created many MIAs. The list is long and includes most battles that any nation has ever fought.

The usual problems of identification caused by rapid decomposition were exacerbated by the fact that it was common practice to loot the remains of the dead for any valuables, e.g., personal items and clothing.

This made the already difficult task of identification even harder. The dead were routinely buried in mass graves, and scant official records were retained.

Notable examples include such medieval battles as Towton,[16] the Hundred Years’ War, The Battle of Alcรกcer Quibir where King Sebastian of Portugal disappeared, the later English Civil Wars, and Napoleonic Wars[17][18] together with any battle taking place until around the middle of the 19th century.

Starting around the time of the Crimean War, American Civil War, and Franco-Prussian War, it became more common to make formal efforts to identify individual soldiers.

However, since there was no formal system of ID tags at the time, this could be difficult during battlefield clearance.

There had been a notable shift in perceptions, e.g., where the remains of a soldier in Confederate uniform were recovered from the Gettysburg battlefield.

He would be interred in a single grave with a headstone that stated that he was an unknown Confederate soldier. This change in attitudes coincided with the Geneva Conventions, the first of which was signed in 1864.

Although the First Geneva Convention did not specifically address the issue of MIAs, the reasoning behind it (which specified the humane treatment of wounded enemy soldiers) was influential.

https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2838652/tomb-of-the-unknown-soldier-had-its-origins-in-world-war-i/

Little known History Factsโ€ฆ

Memorial Day

 

On Sept. 29, 1921, the War Department ordered the selection of an unknown soldier from those buried in France.ย 

The U.S. Quartermaster Corps conducted the selection process by cooperating with the French and U.S. Navy.ย 

Three weeks later, a Quartermaster Corps team excavated four bodies of (UNIDENTIFIED) Americans from each of four American cemeteries in France:ย 

  1. Aisne-Maine,ย 
  2. Meuse-Argonne,ย 
  3. Somme,ย 
  4. and St. Mihiel.ย 

“Each man was examined to ensure that he was indeed an American. ”ย 

For example, ย an elaborate proceeding ensured that the soldiers selected would become truly anonymous soldiers, representing all the many other unknown soldiers who had previously been lost in battle.ย 

And the reason for following the process used by all of the allies, was out of respect for those lost in war.ย 

Likewise, the caskets arrived by truck at the city hall of Chalons-sur-Marne on Oct. 23, 1921, and presented to the French by local honor guard.

Not onlyโ€ฆbut also, Army Sgt. Edward F. Younger of Headquarters Company, 2d Battalion, 50th Infantry, American Forces in Germany wasย given the honors of selecting the soldier ย on Oct. 26, 1921.

He walked around the caskets and then selected one.

What is more Sgt. Younger ย was seriously wounded in battle. And He received the Distinguished Service Cross for bravery.

 

ย 

Conclusion

Memorial Day is a time to remember and honor those who have died in service to our country.ย It’s also a time for reflection on patriotism and what it means to be an American.

As we celebrate this Memorial Day, let us also remember the sacrifices made by our military families.ย Thank you… to all who have served and continue to serve our country. I’m eternally grateful for your bravery and selflessness.

Iโ€™m the Spouse of a retired Military Man and sister of three brother that served this country.

I’ve been around the military my entire life. It’s always been a part of who I am, and it’s something that I love. Even though my husband is retired now, the military is still a huge part of our lives.

Thanks for reading

Essie C.

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