Mildred Jeter and Richard LovingPhoto: Getty Images
The Ban on interracial marriage. During the seventeenth and early eighteenth century;
the growing number of interracial marriages (also known as miscegenation) between Blacks and whites led to the passage of this new law.
The first anti-miscegenation lawenacted was in the colony of Maryland in 1664 and additional colonies quickly followed suit.
These marriages were prohibited and penalties included the enslavement, exile or imprisonment of the white perpetrators.
These laws grew and evolved over the years and attempts were even made to modify the Constitution to ban interracial marriage in all states.
It would take three hundred years for this law to be overturned.
In 1967, Richard Loving, a white man, and Mildred Jeter, a Black woman, were married in the District of Columbia.
Mildred and Richard Loving had been married just a few weeks when, in the early morning hours of July 11, 1958, Sheriff Garnett Brooks ;
and two deputies, acting on an anonymous tip that the Lovings were in violation of Virginia law, stormed into the couple’s bedroom.
When the sheriff demanded to know who Mildred was to Richard, she offered up the answer: “I’m his wife.”
When Richard gestured to the couple’s marriage certificate hanging on the wall, the sheriff coldly stated the document held no power in their locale.
Virginia law in fact forbade black and white citizens from marrying outside of the state and then returning to live within the state.
Richard ended up spending a night in jail, with the pregnant Mildred spending several more nights there. The couple eventually pleaded guilty to violating the Virginia law.
The commonwealth of Virginia…
Asserted that its ban on interracial marriages were in place to avoid a host of resulting sociological ills, and that the law was not in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
On June 12, 1967, the high court agreed unanimously in favor of the Lovings, striking down Virginia’s law.
And thus allowing the couple to return home while also ending the ban on interracial marriages in other states.
The court held that Virginia’s anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote the opinion for the court, stating marriage is a basic civil right and to deny this right on a basis of race is “directly subversive of the principle of equality;
At the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment” and deprives all citizens “liberty without due process of law.”
Boredom…everyone has those moments when their brain feels like it’s going to shut down from over-stimulation, which makes for some pretty damn boring moments!
The kind of moment where you find yourself zoning out and can’t focus on anything for more than five seconds at a time?
Whereas the monotony of everyday life can be dull and exhausting, especially when there’s nothing new or exciting in our day-to-day life…
But luckily for us…
These three things are guaranteed to make any day less tedious:
Finally, I realize that taking risks is the only way to make life exciting. And the best thing about taking those kinds of chances is?
You never know what will happen! So go ahead – try something new today, or reconnect with an old favorite activity in hopes that it’ll bring some joy into your world…
That’s what I plan to do!
Thanking you for reading…
Virtuous people often revenge themselves for the constraints to which they submit by the boredom which they inspire.
The ghetto life — typically poor, predominantly black neighborhoods — have become microcosms of racial tensions and social injustice.
There is nearly 1.5 million Black youth in the U.S. living in areas considered “statistically high risk” for social, economic, and cultural failure.
For Black youth living in urban ghettos across the country, their experience with racism is more than just an abstract concept or a history lesson—it’s their everyday reality.
It can be especially difficult to navigate this world as a young person of color whose experiences are often alienated by society or invalidated as unimportant.
Even
Sidewalk
within marginalized communities, it can feel like you’re the only person who sees things differently — then you’re the only one who feels so alone and misunderstood.
The isolation that comes with being different from your peers can be incredibly destabilizing and alienating.
The ghetto life…here’s what it looks like to be a Black youth today!
Everyday Racism: What It Feels Like to Be Black in America
The most frustrating part about being Black in America for many Black youths is that it’s a struggle that never really ends.
While there’s certainly value in reflecting on racism and racial inequality history, it’s also important to acknowledge that today’s issues are alive.
Everyday racism is the feeling of being profiled by law enforcement, given a cynical eye from a store clerk.
Unfortunately, it’s always been this way, but there are more occasions where people openly ridicule or make jokes about race nowadays- especially since Donald Trump got elected president!
Everyday racism is the feeling that you’re always under surveillance, receiving a side-eye from a stranger on the subway, and being the only Black person in the elevator or the feeling that you’re always the outsider.
The Ghetto life..Discrimination Is Inescapable
Being Black in America often means that you’re being actively discriminated against.
And unfortunately, this discrimination often occurs in places where you’d expect it to be least tolerated;
That said…discrimination can be both explicit and implicit — it can be intentional, but it can also be unintentional and subconscious.
Black youth experience discrimination in all of its forms. It takes many forms, including the disproportionate discipline of Black youth in schools;
The under-representation of Black people in the workforce, leadership positions, and the racial biases of teachers or other authority figures.
Discrimination also plays out in the form of stereotypes and harmful assumptions about Black culture.
the ghetto life…You’re Constantly Being Judged Based on Your Appearance
Couple of hip-hop afroamerican on undergraund
What’s more, blackness is often associated with being “thugged-out,” wearing gold chains, having braids or dreads, or having tattoos covering your body.
The insidious stigma around our Blackness often creates a certain aesthetic expectation for people to fit; and for many Black youth, these expectations can feel restrictive and judgmental.
Additionally, it can be incredibly isolating to be judged based on your appearance rather than your character — but it’s important to remember that you are so much more than the way you look.
You are beautiful, powerful, and enough — no matter what other people think.
The Ghetto Life…People Are Afraid of You — Even Strangers
Nonetheless, stereotypes associated with Black people often make white people uncomfortable and trigger an instinctual fear.
This implicit bias is one of the most frustrating parts of being Black. Likewise..it is frustrating to watch people cross the street when you walk past them or to struggle to get a taxi ride home because drivers see you as a threat.
In spite of , how racism make white people feel afraid of you, no matter where you are… studying in the library or shopping in a store …non of that reflects negatively on you.
Good News Is Rare, and Bad News Is Normal …The Ghetto life
The fact that you are Black means that you are more likely to be poor, more likely to be incarcerated, more likely to be unemployed, and more likely to experience a lower healthcare quality.
Therefore, if you’re Black and want to succeed in school, you have to fight against these statistics. You have to be an overachiever to meet the standard of success.
The Police Are Always Out to Get You
Police steel handcuffs lying on dark blue jeans background
By comparison…being a Black youth in the United States means that you’re more likely to be stopped by the police, more likely to be arrested, and more likely to be killed by the police.
As such, it’s important to remember that the police aren’t your friends — they’re meant to serve and protect the people of your community.
Unfortunately, the police don’t always follow protocol or treat Black people fairly, which can be incredibly frustrating.
And it can be especially frustrating if you’re a Black youth who has been taught to be respectful and polite to authority figures — but those authority figures aren’t always respectful in return.
The criminalization of Black youth can be particularly harmful when unfounded suspicions lead to stereotyping. It also can be scary to think that you could be thrown in jail for doing something as simple as …walking down the street.
For a black person , it can be difficult to prove that you’re innocent when the police are coming after you — especially when they’re racially biased.
Conclusion
Being a Black youth in America is difficult, but it can also be empowering.
It can be empowering to know…
Your history and understand the strength of your ancestors.
To appreciate your culture and the experiences that make you who you are.
To find a community of people who understand what you’ve been through
And know what it feels like to be a Black youth in America.
Although being a Black youth in America can feel isolating, so many people go through the same thing as you. You’re not alone — and hopefully, this article can help you understand that.
Five Reasons Why It’s a Man’s World! Or so it appears. The facts don’t lie: men rule, and women remain on the sidelines in almost every sphere of influence and almost every country globally.
The world is a place where men have the most power and influence. Men are the ones who hold the highest positions of power and authority, who are the most considered when decisions need to be made, and who is the most revered when they make decisions.
Men are the ones who are given the most respect and admiration, who are the most valued and admired, and who are the ones who receive the most accolades and awards.
It is a world where men have the most leverage, where the men have the most power and influence.
They set the research plan, deciding which topics are worthy of funding and deserve special attention, thus affecting how we perceive the world.
For example, men are disproportionately portrayed in news media, taking up the majority of bylines and headlines.
Especially evident in sports journalism, where female athletes are often neglected.
Men take up most leadership roles and are paid more for their services than their female counterparts. Men are our presidents, prime ministers, and chancellors.
And make up the majority of senators and congressmen; they occupy CEO positions at major corporations; serve as chief editors at media companies and generals in the military; they populate boardrooms of billion-dollar companies.
At the same time, even in areas where women dominate—like education, nursing, or optometry—men continue to receive higher salaries than their female colleagues.
But why? In what ways has this imbalance been created?
Here are five reasons why it’s a man’s world:
Men Set the Agenda
Men set the agenda because they are the ones in charge. They hold power in business, government, and most other institutions.
Gives them the ability to control what topics are discussed and what decisions are made. While women have made significant progress in recent years, they still lack the power to set the agenda.
One of the ways that men rule the world is by controlling the spread of information. They do this by working in places like newspapers and TV stations, where they can decide what stories get covered and how they’re presented.
Thereby shaping public opinion and making people see the world in a way that favors them.
Another way that men rule the world is through the government. The most important political offices are held by men who make the most key decisions about what laws get passed and implemented policies.
They can keep power because they control the economy and the political system, own production means, and have the money to buy influence.
They can support violence to suppress opposition to keep power.
Determine what information is presented to the public and how it is presented.
Religion is used to justify their actions and to legitimize their authority. Power is kept because they control education by deciding what information is taught in schools.
https://www.phillytrib.com/news/across_america/african-americans-say-the-teaching-of-black-history-is-under-threat/article_86d0938b-b659-5847-9649-6b624f63b575.htmlRead more
In addition, new laws or directives in at least 13 states restrict what can be taught in school and how it can be discussed.
Black history and social studies teachers feel everything they say or do is under a microscope; many play it safe and pull back.
Moreover, men decide which issues affect both genders, including climate change or gun violence.
Women’s issues and topics are often overlooked, especially when developing drugs for gynecological health.
Women’s bodies are unique and complex, and they require special care when it comes to their health.
Men Are Paid More, Regardless of Their Position!
Men are more likely to be promoted to higher positions, and when they are, they are paid more than their female colleagues.
Regardless of the position, it is true that men earn more than women in lower-level positions, such as law clerks, and in higher-level positions, such as CEO positions.
There are only two fields where women out-earn men: dental hygienists and dieticians.
Gender discrimination against women is rampant and often manifests in insidious ways.
Women have long been discriminated against in the workforce, both in wages and opportunities for advancement.
In other words, women are commonly paid less than men for the same work, regardless of experience or expertise.
This unfairly disadvantages individual women and reinforces the stereotype that women are not as capable as men and not worth as much financially.
Additionally, gender discrimination against women can be seen in the workplace in how less experienced men are often promoted ahead of more qualified women.
Women have fought hard to overcome these obstacles, but there is still a long way to go before achieving true equality in the workforce.
Only by recognizing and challenging these entrenched biases can we hope to achieve true equality for women.
Women Are Discouraged From Pursuing Male-Dominated Careers!
Women are also often overlooked for job opportunities. As a result of these and other forms of discrimination, women continue to face significant obstacles in the workplace.
While there has been some progress in recent years, there is still much work to ensure that women are treated fairly and given the same opportunities as men.
Conclusion!
It’s a man’s world, But it would be nothing, nothing, not one little thing, without a woman or a girl!
James Brown
It’s been said that “this is a man’s world,” and to some extent, that’s true. The vast majority of business leaders and politicians are men, and women still earn less than men for doing the same work.
But it’s also true that this world would be nothing without women or girls.
Women are the backbone of society, performing the essential role of caretakers and nurturers.
They also play a vital role in the workforce, often serving as the primary breadwinners for their families.
And while women have made great strides in recent years, there is still much work to achieve true equality.
Fortunately, plenty of organizations are working to improve workplace equality and help women achieve their dreams. We can create a truly equal world for everyone with time and effort.
mitochondrial DNA determines your haplogroup…If you’re like me, you’re always curious about your family history. You might have even taken a DNA test to find out more about your ancestry.
But what if I told you that your mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) played a role in determining your haplogroup? Believe it or not, this is true! In fact, scientists have used mtDNA to trace human migration patterns all over the world.
So what does all of this mean for you? My story is coming up… keep reading to find out!
Your mitochondrial DNA determines your haplogroup.
Mothers pass down copies of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to their children in each generation. While most of your genome exists in 23 pairs of chromosomes that exchange pieces between generations in recombination, mtDNA is transmitted unshuffled.
Because of this unusual inheritance pattern, mtDNA contains rich information about maternal lineages.
A small number of DNA changes, called mutations, generally occur from one generation to another.
Because mtDNA does not recombine between generations, these mutations accumulate in patterns that uniquely mark individual lineages.
Scientists can compare the sequence differences that result by constructing a tree.
This tree shows how maternal lineages relate to one another, including the observation that they all share a most recent common ancestor, approximately 150,000 to 200,000 years ago.
The term “haplogroup” refers to a family of lineages with a common ancestor and, therefore, a particular set of mutations.
We identify your haplogroup by determining which branches of the mtDNA tree correspond to your DNA.
Because more closely related lineages tend to share geographic roots, your haplogroup can provide insight into the origins of some of your ancient maternal-line ancestors.
Maternal haplogroups are named with sequences of letters and numbers that reflect the tree’s structure and how the branches relate to one another.
Maternal Haplogroup
You descend from a long line of women that can be traced back to eastern Africa over 150,000 years ago. These are the women of your maternal line, and your maternal haplogroup sheds light on their story.
As our ancestors ventured out of eastern Africa, they branched off in diverse groups that crossed and recrossed the globe over tens of thousands of years.
Some of their migrations can be traced through haplogroups, families of lineages that descend from a common ancestor.
Your maternal haplogroup can reveal the path followed by the women of your maternal line.
